ALG · High-yield
See structure before you compute
Algebra items often hide an equivalent form. Pause to factor, complete the square, or rewrite radicals before grinding arithmetic.
- Ask: can I factor, conjugate, or substitute?
- Track domain after every rewrite (especially radicals/rationals).
- Zero product property only after the equation is literally a product = 0.
Exam tip: If two answer choices are algebraically equivalent, you mis-simplified — back up.
ALG · High-yield
Complex numbers on Praxis
Know i-cycle powers, conjugates, and that nonreal roots of real polynomials come in conjugate pairs.
- i¹=i, i²=−1, i³=−i, i⁴=1, then repeat.
- Multiply by conjugate to simplify quotients.
- Discriminant < 0 ⇒ complex conjugate roots for real coefficients.
Exam tip: Reduce exponents of i mod 4 before multiplying big products.
FUNC · High-yield
Four representations or bust
Functions questions move among graphs, tables, equations, and stories. Practice translating the same feature all four ways.
- Intercepts, asymptotes, monotonicity, and end behavior should be namable from any representation.
- Transformations: outside = vertical; inside = horizontal (and opposite sign).
- Average rate of change is the slope of the secant — always write the formula first.
Exam tip: When stuck, sketch a quick graph even if the item is algebraic.
FUNC · High-yield
Calculus meaning over machinery
5165 emphasizes derivative as rate and integral as accumulation more than heavy symbolic drills.
- f′ > 0 increasing; f′ < 0 decreasing; f′=0 critical.
- f′′ sign ↔ concavity; inflection where concavity changes.
- Net change = integral of rate; total distance needs |rate| thinking.
Exam tip: Read the units in worded calculus items — they often reveal whether you need f, f′, or ∫f.
GEO · High-yield
Congruence vs similarity checklist
Keep a one-page cheat sheet of SSS/SAS/ASA/AAS vs AA similarity, and remember SSA is dangerous.
- Congruence criteria need corresponding parts carefully matched.
- Similar ⇒ proportional sides; congruent ⇒ equal sides.
- Isometries (translate/rotate/reflect) preserve distance; dilations do not.
Exam tip: On diagrams, mark given ticks/arcs before hunting a criterion.
STAT · High-yield
Stats is a reading test too
Many misses are language: bias, confounding, conditional probability wording, and correlation vs causation.
- Describe distributions with shape, center, spread, outliers.
- P(A|B) means restrict to B first — use a table.
- Experiments assign treatments; observational studies do not.
Exam tip: If a choice claims 'proves causes,' be suspicious unless it was a well-designed experiment.
ALG · High-yield
Tasks of Teaching Mathematics
About 25% of Praxis items embed content in teaching moves: diagnose errors, choose representations, evaluate explanations.
- Name the misconception precisely (not just 'student is wrong').
- Pick the representation that makes the structure visible.
- Next instructional step should address the misconception, not pile on new content.
Exam tip: Ask: what would a strong teacher say or show next?
FUNC · High-yield
NJ CE path reminder
Content study is half the battle — you still need 30 math credits (12 advanced), Praxis 5165 ≥ 159, and the CE application steps.
- This site builds Praxis fluency; college courses create transcript eligibility.
- Physiology & hygiene can be NJ's online test if you lack bio/health credits.
- After CE + job offer comes Provisional Teaching Program coursework.
Exam tip: Keep a running list of completed math courses with levels (100/200 vs 300+).